EXPLORING GASLIGHTING, AMONG MALES: STIGMA, AND THE SILENCE AROUND INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE

Authors

  • Sofia Sattar MS Clinical Psychology Student, Department of Clinical Psychology, The Superior University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Author
  • Sidra Noreen Teaching Assistant, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Author
  • Ms. Raumish Masud Khan Senior Lecturer, Department of Clinical Psychology, The Superior University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Author

Keywords:

Gaslighting, Psychological Intimate Partner, Violence, Stigma, Help-Seeking, Qualitative Research

Abstract

This qualitative study examines the stigma and silence surrounding male victimisation and male experiences of gaslighting as a form of psychological abuse in intimate partner relationships. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data from semistructured interviews with men who experienced psychological and emotional abuse. The findings of the study show that gaslighting involved emotional invalidation, selective use of memory, and intentional manipulation, which culminated in self-doubt, self-blame, and psychological distress. The study reveals that stigma, self-imposed masculine norms, and the fear of being disbelieved, which results in social isolation, also results in limited help-seeking and the disclosure of abuse. Nevertheless, despite these challenges, some participants displayed increased awareness, even of the manipulation, and started to set some of their own limits. The study, therefore, reinforces the importance of acknowledging male experiences of psychological IPV and the urgent need to address the issue of psychological IPV against men and develop support services that are inclusive of all genders.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adair, J. (2025). Defining gaslighting in gender-based violence: A mixed-methods systematic review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 15248380251344316.

Beaton, D. E., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F., & Ferraz, M. B. (2000). Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine, 25(24), 3186-3191.

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101.

Burke, A. N., Fouché, C. B., & O'Brien, M. A. (2023). " A Story Not Well Told": A Theory on the Lived Experiences of Male Victims of Intimate Partner Violence. Partner abuse, 14(2).

Carmo, R., Grams, A., & Magalhães, T. (2011). Men as victims of intimate partner violence. Journal of forensic and legal medicine, 18(8), 355-359.

Cresswell, J. (2013). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches.

Espinoza, R. C., & Warner, D. (2016). Where do we go from here?: Examining intimate partner violence by bringing male victims, female perpetrators, and psychological sciences into the fold. Journal of family violence, 31(8), 959-966.

Gierisch, J. M., Shapiro, A., Grant, N. N., King, H. A., McDuffie, J. R., & Williams, J. W. (2014). Intimate partner violence: Prevalence among US military veterans and active duty servicemembers and a review of intervention approaches.

Hines, D. A., Lysova, A., & Douglas, E. M. (2025). Male victims, experiences with seeking help from domestic violence agencies over time and across western English-speaking countries. Journal of Men's Health.

Kim, R., Yoon, J., Kim, J. H., Lee, H., Park, J., & Kim, S. S. (2022). Association between intimate partner violence and suicidal ideation among female and male adults in South Korea: A nationally representative longitudinal study. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(23-24), NP23222-NP23240.

Landa-Blanco, M., & Mejía Sánchez, R. (2025). Breaking the cycle: addressing barriers to help-seeking and mental health impacts for male victims of intimate partner violence in low-and middle-income countries. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, 1565284.

Landa-Blanco, M., & Mejía Sánchez, R. (2025). Breaking the cycle: addressing barriers to help-seeking and mental health impacts for male victims of intimate partner violence in low-and middle-income countries. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, 1565284.

Lysova, A., & Dim, E. E. (2025). “I Thought About Killing Myself, but a Part of Me Insisted on Getting Help”: Coping Experiences of Male Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence. Journal of Family Violence, 1-12.

Macassa, G., Stål, F., Rydback, M., Pliakas, J., Winsjansen, D., Hiswåls, A. S., & Soares, J. (2025). Men’s experiences of psychological and other forms of abuse in intimate relationships: A qualitative study. Societies, 15(1), 17.

Machado, A., Mesquita, C., & Matos, M. (2024). Brief report on a systematic review of the experiences of male victims of intimate partner violence as help-seekers. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 33(1), 109-122.

Maqsood, M., & Younas, S. (2024). Reexamining Domestic Violence: A Study on Male Victims in the Context of Pakistani Legislation. Pakistan Journal of Criminal Justice, 4(1), 39-54.

Morgan, W., & Wells, M. (2016). ‘It’s deemed unmanly’: men’s experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV). The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 27(3), 404-418.

Próspero, M. (2007). Mental health symptoms among male victims of partner violence. American Journal of Men's Health, 1(4), 269-277.

Randle, A. A., & Graham, C. A. (2011). A review of the evidence on the effects of intimate partner violence on men. Psychology of men & masculinity, 12(2), 97.

Saboor, A., Khan, I., Iqbal, M. T., Ahmed, M., & Ahmed, T. (2025). Breaking the Silence: The Crucial Picture of Domestic Violence in Pakistan. Journal of Political Stability Archive, 3(3), 1036-1047.

Shuler, C. A. (2010). Male victims of intimate partner violence in the United States: An examination of the review of literature through the critical theoretical perspective. International Journal of criminal justice sciences, 5(1).

Sweet, P. L. (2019). The sociology of gaslighting. American sociological review, 84(5), 851-875.

Taylor, J. C., Bates, E. A., Colosi, A., & Creer, A. J. (2022). Barriers to men’s help seeking for intimate partner violence. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(19-20), NP18417-NP18444.

Tonsing, J.C., 2016. Domestic violence: intersection of culture, gender and context. Journal of immigrant and minority health, 18(2), pp.442-446.

Tsui, V. (2014). Male victims of intimate partner abuse: Use and helpfulness of services. Social work, 59(2), 121-130.

Walker, A., Lyall, K., Silva, D., Craigie, G., Mayshak, R., Costa, B., ... & Bentley, A. (2020). Male victims of female-perpetrated intimate partner violence, help-seeking, and reporting behaviors: A qualitative study. Psychology of Men & Masculinities, 21(2), 213.

Watson, L. B., & Ancis, J. R. (2013). Power and control in the legal system: From marriage/relationship to divorce and custody. Violence against women, 19(2), 166-186.

Watts, C., Heise, L., Ellsberg, M., & Moreno, C. G. (2001). Putting women first: Ethical and safety recommendations for research on domestic violence against women.

Zakar, R., Zakar, M. Z., & Kraemer, A. (2013). Men’s beliefs and attitudes toward intimate partner violence against women in Pakistan. Violence against women, 19(2), 246-268.

Published

2025-12-30

How to Cite

Sofia Sattar, Sidra Noreen, & Ms. Raumish Masud Khan. (2025). EXPLORING GASLIGHTING, AMONG MALES: STIGMA, AND THE SILENCE AROUND INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE. International Premier Journal of Languages & Literature, 3(4), 827-837. https://ipjll.com/ipjll/index.php/journal/article/view/305