HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CONCEPTS OF IQBAL'S THOUGHTS فکراقبال کے تاریخی وتہذیبی تصورات

Abstract

History and civilization are of fundamental importance in the thought of Allama Muhammad Iqbal. Iqbal does not consider history to be merely a collection of past events, but rather a mirror of the life, rise and fall, and intellectual evolution of nations. According to him, nations that maintain a connection with their history and cultural heritage achieve progress and stability. According to Iqbal, history is the name of human struggle, action, and change. He considers the history of Muslims to be a source of greatness, character building, and spiritual strength. His poetry repeatedly mentions the brilliant characters and events of Islamic history. Historical characters like Tariq bin Ziyad, Salahuddin Ayubi, and Muhammad bin Qasim are symbols of action, courage, and self-sacrifice for Iqbal. Iqbal believes that the decline of nations begins when they begin to neglect their history. That is why he gives the message to Muslims to learn from their glorious past and build the future. Iqbal considers civilization to be a manifestation of the spiritual, moral, and intellectual development of man. According to him, the foundation of Islamic civilization is based on monotheism, brotherhood, equality, and justice. He values ​​the scientific progress and intellectual achievements of Western civilization, but also criticizes its materialism, nationalism, and spiritual vacuum. According to Iqbal, a healthy civilization is one that maintains spiritual and moral values ​​along with material progress. He supports a civilization in which the human personality can develop and society is based on justice and fairness. Iqbal considers Islamic civilization to be a living, dynamic, and universal civilization. In his opinion, Islam gave humanity a message of unity by eliminating the distinctions of race, color, and geography. He considers Islamic civilization not a legacy of the past but a source of guidance for the future. Iqbal believes in a balance between the spirituality of the East and the scientific progress of the West. According to him, the West achieved material progress but moved away from spiritual values, while the East, despite possessing spiritual capital, weakened in the practical field. He considers the combination of the positive aspects of both to be essential for the well-being of humanity.