اردو افسانے میں ایکو فیمنزمECOFEMINISM IN URDU SHORT STORY

Abstract

The center and subject of ecofeminism are both the environment and women, and both are victims of patriarchy and the exploitation of the capitalist system and modernity. Ecofeminism is actually an extension of the women's movement and its aim is to understand gender inequality and the maternal aspect of women in relation to important areas of life, sociology, economics, nature and literature. Ecofeminism, which can be called environmental feminism. It is an intellectual movement that raises its voice by providing information about the exploitation of women and nature. The basis of this theory is the notion that the patriarchal system has not only tried to keep women in control for centuries, but this powerful mentality has also destroyed the natural environment under personal interest, exploitation and occupying attitudes. This theory does not consider women and nature to be simply oppressed, but insists on seeing their mutual dependence and existential power in a new moral, intellectual and scientific light. In fact, this theory was introduced in the latter part of the twentieth century, mainly due to environmental destruction, nuclear threats, capitalist colonialism, and women's rights movements that created an intellectual upheaval in the world. French philosopher Françoise d'Eaubonne first used the term Eco-feminism in 1974. For which it was clarified that women's closeness to nature and their physical and reproductive system are their identity, which the patriarchal system considered a burden and suppressed. But this identity can become a new basis for the survival of humanity.