RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAPITALIST PSYCHOLOGY AND MARXIST ALIENATION IN THE LAST WHITE MAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/0.5281/zenodo.18396207Keywords:
Alienation, Bourgeoisie, Capitalists, Psychology, Proletariats, IndustrialistsAbstract
The study discusses the plight of proletariats by analyzing The Last White Man symbolically. The whites are taken as bourgeoisie and the blacks are studied as proletariats. The research is conducted in the background of capitalist culture and psychology that how attitudes of bourgeoisie cause the working-class to be alienated. This paper brings the steps out of the novel that would help the proletariats to come out of this destructive cycle of alienation. This study highlights the importance of psychological health of the working-class by targeting them directly which is the need of the hour. It encourages the scholars to put light on Hamid`s other novels in an exploratory way and bring out the ways that should be helpful for the communities that are facing atrocities as there is much to do in that direction. The research is conducted in a way that it uses the lens of Marxist alienation with the psychanalysis. Because Hamid wrote in a very poetic ways that it also includes the hint of philosophy. So, to decipher those lines the techniques of literariness are kept under consideration and also as both the antagonist sections of the society are under discussion so the archetypal theory has been a great lens to study the novel to find out the psychological needs and desires in relation to the alienation faced by the working-class.
Downloads
References
Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241–258). Greenwood Press.
Braverman, H. (1974). Labor and monopoly capital: The degradation of work in the twentieth century. Monthly Review Press.
Burawoy, M. (1979). Manufacturing consent: Changes in the labor process under monopoly capitalism. University of Chicago Press.
Davis, M. (2006). Planet of slums. Verso.
Fanon, F. (2008). Black skin, white masks (R. Philcox, Trans.). Grove Press. (Original work published 1952)
Fuchs, C. (2014). Social media: A critical introduction. Sage.
Hobsbawm, E. J. (1962). The age of revolution: 1789–1848. Vintage.
Jhally, S. (1990). The codes of advertising: Fetishism and the political economy of meaning in the consumer society. Routledge.
Mandel, E. (1962). Marxist economic theory (B. Pearce, Trans.). Monthly Review Press.
Marcuse, H. (1964). One-dimensional man: Studies in the ideology of advanced industrial society. Beacon Press.
Marx, K. (1867). Capital: A critique of political economy (Vol. 1). Penguin Classics.
Marx, K. (1973). Grundrisse: Foundations of the critique of political economy (M. Nicolaus, Trans.). Penguin Books.
Marx, K., & Engels, F. (1848). The communist manifesto. Penguin Classics.
Mills, C. (2018). Decolonizing global mental health: The psychiatrization of the majority world. Routledge.
Polanyi, K. (1944). The great transformation: The political and economic origins of our time. Beacon Press.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Press.
Smith, H. J., Pettigrew, T. F., Pippin, G. M., & Bialosiewicz, S. (2012). Relative deprivation: A theoretical and meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16(3), 203–232.
Suetonius. (1914). The lives of the twelve Caesars (J. C. Rolfe, Trans.). Loeb Classical Library.
Thompson, E. P. (1966). The making of the English working class. Vintage.
Thompson, E. P. (1967). Time, work-discipline, and industrial capitalism. Past & Present, 38(1), 56–97.
Twenge, J. M. (2017). iGen: Why today’s super-connected kids are growing up less rebellious, more tolerant, less happy—and completely unprepared for adulthood—and what that means for the rest of us. Atria Books.
Veblen, T. (1994). The theory of the leisure class. Penguin Books. (Original work published 1899)
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jamal Shabab Ahmad, Dr Rabia Khan , Rakia Imtiaz (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
