THE INTERACTION BETWEEN SELF-REGULATED LEARNING STRATEGIES AND AI-BASED LEARNING ASSISTANTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR METACOGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN EDUCATION
Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence (AI), AI-Based Learning Assistants (AILAs), Self-Regulated Learning (SRL), Metacognition, Goal-Setting, Monitoring, Reflection, Personalized Learning, Educational Technology, Learner-Centered PedagogyAbstract
The fast-paced incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the educational sector has redefined learning spaces, offering students adaptive support as well as personalized feedback. Although AI-based learning assistants (AILAs) have great potential for personalizing instruction, their ability to facilitate metacognition—thus self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies—is not well understood. This article explores the relationship between SRL and AILAs, with attention devoted to how learners' metacognitive monitoring, goal-setting, reflection, and awareness are affected by AI tools. By descriptive and analytical review, the research concludes that there are major opportunities and challenges and that AILAs could support metacognitive development if strategically combined with learner-centered pedagogies.
Downloads
References
Chen, X., Xie, H., Zou, D., & Hwang, G. J. (2020). Application and theory gaps during the rise of Artificial Intelligence in Education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 1(1), 100002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2020.100002
Dignath, C., & Büttner, G. (2018). Teachers’ direct and indirect promotion of self-regulated learning in primary and secondary school mathematics classes—Insights from video-based classroom observations and teacher interviews. Metacognition and Learning, 13(2), 127–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-018-9181-x
Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34(10), 906–911. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.906
Hadwin, A. F., & Oshige, M. (2019). Self-regulation, co-regulation, and socially shared regulation of learning. Educational Psychologist, 54(4), 247–264. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2019.1651865
Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education: Promises and implications for teaching and learning. Boston: Center for Curriculum Redesign.
Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2022). Artificial intelligence in education: Promises and implications for teaching and learning. Center for Curriculum Redesign.
Kasneci, E., Seufert, T., Kasneci, G., & Kühnberger, K. U. (2023). ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learning and Individual Differences, 103, 102274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102274
Luckin, R. (2018). Machine learning and human intelligence: The future of education for the 21st century. UCL Institute of Education Press.
Luckin, R., Holmes, W., Griffiths, M., & Forcier, L. B. (2016). Intelligence unleashed: An argument for AI in education. Pearson.
Pintrich, P. R. (2004). A conceptual framework for assessing motivation and self-regulated learning in college students. Educational Psychology Review, 16(4), 385–407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-004-0006-x
Risko, E. F., & Gilbert, S. J. (2016). Cognitive offloading. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20(9), 676–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2016.07.002
Schunk, D. H., & Greene, J. A. (2018). Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Siemens, G., & Long, P. (2011). Penetrating the fog: Analytics in learning and education. EDUCAUSE Review, 46(5), 30–40.
UNESCO. (2023). AI and education: Guidance for policymakers. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
VanLehn, K. (2011). The relative effectiveness of human tutoring, intelligent tutoring systems, and other tutoring systems. Educational Psychologist, 46(4), 197–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2011.611369
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
Williamson, B., & Piattoeva, N. (2022). Education governance and datafication. In R. Lingard, G.
Thompson, & S. Sellar (Eds.), Handbook of education policy studies (pp. 1–18). Springer.
Winne, P. H., & Hadwin, A. F. (2020). Self-regulated learning and learning analytics. Educational Psychologist, 55(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2019.1674854
Woolf, B. P. (2021). Building intelligent interactive tutors: Student-centered strategies for revolutionizing e-learning. Morgan Kaufmann.
Zimmerman, B. J. (2002). Becoming a self-regulated learner: An overview. Theory Into Practice, 41(2), 64–70. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4102_2
Zimmerman, B. J. (2011). Motivational sources and outcomes of self-regulated learning and performance.
In B. J. Zimmerman & D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance (pp. 49–64). Routledge.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Irsa Tayyab, Junaid Ashraf , Moneeza Aslam (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
