Sumra Peeran, Shagufta Yasmeen, Saqib Abbas, Muhammad Zaman. TO EXAMINE THE TEACHING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE THROUGH VOLATILITY, UNCERTAINTY, COMPLEXITY, AND AMBIGUITY: TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES FROM PAKISTAN. IPJLL. 2026;4(1):31-43. doi:10.5281/zenodo.18437415